Ostomy complications are not frequent, but when they do occur, it can be frightening. The following is a discussion of the most common ostomy complications.

Obstruction is the most common problem occurring with an ostomy. The result of an obstruction is decreased or complete stoppage of flow from the stoma. Cramping, nausea, and vomiting can accompany this. Although the causes of blockage are many, the most common are food blockages, adhesions, and stenosis (narrowing of the opening). If obstruction occurs, the appliance would be removed. If the stoma is swollen, it is helpful to fill pouch with ice water and to bathe the stoma in this cold water to help reduce swelling and aid in pouch removal. Application of warm (not hot), moist heat to the abdominal area and drinking hot tea may also help reduce symptoms. NEVER take a laxative without consulting your doctor.

Peristomal hernia occurs when the muscle wall surrounding the stoma weakens. It is characterized by bulging around the stoma. The bulge can be a very minor or very extensive one. If the hernia is not painful and is not interfering with the ostomy function, it is frequently managed by changing the type of appliance for a better fit (if this is necessary) and by wearing a binder or girdle to support the area around the stoma. If pain is present or there are problems with ostomy functions, notify the doctor.

Prolapsed means to “slip out of place. This does not happen often, but it can be alarming when it does. The bowel will protrude through the abdominal wall to an abnormal length. This may be graduaL Rarely, an increase of intra-abdominal pressure will cause a prolapse. If this occurs, remove the appliance, and lie flat to decrease the pressure. Often, the intestine will slip back into place. Apply a warm, moist compress to the stoma and abdomen. If the bowel cannot be reduced, keep intestine covered with warm, moist towels while waiting for the physician.

Urine crystals are the most frequent problem for urostomates. They usually occur because the urine is too alkaline. In a mild problem, crystals will coat the inside of the pouch. In severe cases, crystals will form on the stoma itself. Frequently, they are abrasive and cause a great deal of irritation. Soaking and rinsing the stoma with vinegar will acidify the urine in the pouch and loosen crystals from the stoma. Increasing fluid intake and taking Vitamin C orally, to acidify the urine, will also help. Sometimes drinking cranberry juice helps. Some problems can be managed at home, but know when to contact your doctor! Here are a few general guidelines: Severe cramping lasting more than two or three hours; Excessive bleeding from the stoma; Excessive watery discharges lasting more than five to six hours; Unusual change in stoma size or appearance. ~